Scania Aktiebolag (publ), commonly referred to as Scania AB or just Scania, is a major Swedish automotive industry manufacturer of commercial vehicles - specifically heavy trucks and buses. It also manufactures diesel engines for motive power of heavy vehicles, marine, and general industrial applications.
Founded in 1891 in Södertälje, Sweden, the company's head office is still in the city. Today, Scania has production facilities in Sweden, France, Netherlands, Argentina, Brazil, Poland, and Russia.[5] In addition, there are assembly plants in ten countries in Africa, Asia and Europe. Scania's sales and service organisation and finance companies are worldwide. In 2012, the company employed approximately 38,600 people around the world.[5]
Scania's logo shows a Griffin, from the coat of arms of the Swedish province of Scania (Swedish: Skåne).[6]
Contents
1 History
1.1 Vabis and Scania
1.2 First World War and 1920s
1.3 1930s and 1940s
1.4 1950s and 1960s
1.5 Saab-Scania AB (1969–1995)
2 Ownership
2.1 Aborted Volvo takeover
2.2 Aborted MAN takeover
2.3 Scania ownership today
2.3.1 Current shareholders
3 Products
3.1 Current
3.2 Historical
4 Production sites
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Scania A1 1901
Scania Type A Tonneau 1903
A vintage Scania truck (L80 successor to the Scania-Vabis L56)
Scania AB (Scania is Latin for the province of Skåne) came from a merger between the two companies; Vabis and Scania.
Vabis and Scania[edit]
Main article: Scania-Vabis
Vabis (Vagnsfabriksaktiebolaget i Södertälje) was founded in 1891 as a subsidiary of Södertälje based steel company Surahammars Bruk, manufacturing railway carriages.[7] In 1902, engineer Gustaf Erikson designed the company's first truck, powered by a petrol engine and two-speed gearbox. A year later, the first order was placed for a Vabis commercial vehicle.[7] By 1907, the company had developed a 3-ton truck, however, though it won a Swedish Royal Automobile Club award in 1909, the new range was a financial disaster for the company, failing to attract more than a handful of orders.[7]
Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania was founded in 1900 in Malmö in the south of Sweden, and was in the beginning a manufacturer of bicycles,[7] but by 1903 the first cars left the factory. Two years later, Scania built their first truck.[6]
Following the financial problems at Vabis, the companies merged in 1911,[6] creating AB Scania-Vabis. Engine and car production was moved to Södertälje, and truck production took place in Malmö.[7]
First World War and 1920s[edit]
For the next few years the company's profits stagnated, with around a third of their orders coming from abroad.[7] The outbreak of the First World War, however, changed the company, with almost all output being diverted to the Swedish Army. By 1916, Scania-Vabis was making enough profit to invest in redeveloping both of their production facilities.[7]
Following the war, in 1919, Scania decided to focus completely on building trucks, abandoning other outputs including cars and buses.[7] However, they were hurt by the swamping of the market with decommissioned military vehicles from the war, and by 1921 the company was bankrupt.[6]
After some economic difficulties in 1921, new capital came from Stockholms Enskilda Bank owned by the Wallenberg family, and Scania-Vabis became a solid and technically, high standing, company.
Denmark
Towards the end of 1913, the company established a subsidiary in Denmark. The following year the first Danish-built car, a four-seater Phaeton, was built at the company's Frederiksberg factory in Copenhagen. In 1914, the factory produced Denmark's first Scania-Vabis truck, and following this developed a V8 engine, one of the first in the world. In 1921, having sold around 175 trucks, and 75 cars, the Danish operation was closed down.[6]
1930s and 1940s[edit]
During the Second World War Scania produced a variety of military vehicles for the Swedish Army, including Stridsvagn m/41 light tanks produced under license.[6]
1950s and 1960s[edit]
During the 1950s, the company expanded its operations into new customer segments, becoming agents for the Willys Jeep and the Volkswagen Beetle, the latter being very profitable for Scania-Vabis. It also started to become a genuine competitor to Volvo with their new Regent truck which was introduced in 1954.[8]
During this period, Scania-Vabis was to expand its dealer network, and country-wide specialist workshop facilities. By the end of the '50s, their market-share in Sweden was between 40 to 50%, and was achieving 70% in the heaviest truck sector - helped by the entrepreneurial efforts of their dealers into the haulier market.[8]
Probably their largest impact was in export markets. Before 1950, exports accounted for only 10 percent of production output, but a decade later, exports were now at 50% of output. Beers in the Netherlands became a very important partner. Beers became official importers for Scania-Vabis in the Netherlands, and established a dealer network, along with training programmes for both mechanics and drivers. Beers also offered free twice-yearly overhauls of their customers vehicles, and offered a mobile service throughout the Netherlands with their custom-equipped service trucks. Due to Beers concerted efforts, Scania-Vabis market share in the country remained at a consistent 20% throughout this period. Scania-Vabis were to adopt the business model of Beers in their own overseas sales operations.[8]
The 1960s saw Scania-Vabis expanding its production operations into overseas locations. Until now, all Scania-Vabis production had been carried out solely at Södertälje, but the '60s saw the need to expand production overseas. Brazil was becoming a notable market for heavy trucks, and was also dependent on inter-urban buses, with particular requirement for Brazil's mountainous roads which became nigh-on impassable at times.[9] Scania-Vabis products had already been assembled in Brazil by a local company called Vemag, but Scania Vabis do Brasil, S.A. became an independent operation in July 1960.[10] Scania-Vabis established its first production plant outside Södertälje, by building a new facility at São Bernardo do Campo in Brazil, which was completed in 1962, and this was to set the standard for Scania-Vabis international operations.[9]
Closer to home, the recently formed European Economic Community (EEC) offered further opportunities. Based on their now strong presence in the Dutch markets, Scania-Vabis constructed a new plant in Zwolle, which was completed in 1964.[9] This new Dutch facility provided Scania-Vabis with a stepping stone into the other five EEC countries, particularly the German and French markets.[9]
In 1966, Scania-Vabis acquired ownership of a then valuable competitor - Be-Ge Karosserifabrik, who were based in Oskarshamn. Be-Ge had been making truck cabs since 1946, and had been supplying cabs not only to Scania-Vabis, but also to their Swedish competitors Volvo. It was normal practice for truck manufacturers to outsource production of cabs to independent bodybuilders, so their acquisition by Scania-Vabis seemed a good move.[9] Be-Ge owner Bror Göthe Persson had also established an additional cab factory at Meppel.[9]
Scania-Vabis continued their expansion of production facilities through acquisitions. In 1967, they acquired Katrineholm based coachwork company Svenska Karosseri Verkstäderna, and created a new subsidiary, Scania-Bussar. A year later, all bus production, along with R&D was moved to Katrineholm.[9] Further production locations were added at Sibbhult and Falun, and Scania's employee numbers rose, particularly at Södertälje, which was to help double the town's population.[9]
Saab-Scania AB (1969–1995)[edit]
In 1969, Scania-VABIS merged with SAAB, and formed Saab-Scania AB. When Saab-Scania was split in 1995, the name of the truck and bus division changed simply to Scania AB. One year later, Scania AB was introduced on the stock exchange, which resulted in a minor change of name to Scania AB (publ).
Many examples of Scania, Vabis and Scania-Vabis commercial and military vehicles can be seen at the Marcus Wallenberg-hallen (the Scania Museum) in Södertälje.
Ownership[edit]
Aborted Volvo takeover[edit]
On 7 August 1999, Volvo announced it had agreed to acquire a majority share in Scania. Volvo was to buy the 49.3% stake in Scania that was owned by Investor AB, Scania's then main shareholder. The acquisition, for $7.5 billion (60.7 billion SEK), would have created the world's second-largest manufacturer of heavy trucks, behind DaimlerChrysler. The cash for the deal came from Volvo selling its car division to Ford Motor Company in January 1999, but the deal had yet to be approved by the European Union.[11]
The deal eventually failed, after the European Union had disapproved of the affair, saying it would create a company with almost 100% market share[12] in the Nordic markets.[citation needed]
Aborted MAN takeover[edit]
In September 2006, the German truckmaker MAN AG launched a €10.3bn hostile offer to acquire Scania AB. Scania's CEO Leif Östling was forced to apologise for comparing the bid of MAN to a "Blitzkrieg". MAN AG later dropped its hostile offer, but in January 2008, MAN increased their voting rights in Scania up to 17%.
Scania ownership today[edit]
The two major stockholders of Scania AB (publ) are:
The German automotive company Volkswagen AG is Scania's biggest shareholder, with a 70.94% voting stake (equity) in Scania.[13] It gained this by first buying Volvo's stake in 2000, after the latter's aborted takeover attempt, increasing it to 36.4% in the first quarter 2007,[14] and then buying the remainder from Investor AB in March 2008.[15] The deal was approved by regulatory bodies in July 2008.[12] Scania then became the ninth marque in the Volkswagen Group.[16]
The German truck manufacturer MAN SE holds a 17.37% voting stake in Scania.[13] Notably, Volkswagen AG[12] also owns 75.03% of MAN.[17]
Current shareholders[edit]
Scania AB (publ) has a total issue of 400 million 'A shares' and 400 million 'B shares', with a total capitalised value of SEK 72,880 million.[13] In terms of voting rights, one 'A share' is eligible for one vote, whereas 10 'B shares' are required for one vote.[18]
As of 29 January 2010, these shares, as published by Swedish Central Securities Depository and Clearing Organisation ("Euroclear"), are allocated to 119,973 owners, and the table below details the top ten shareholders.[13]
Scania AB (publ) principal shareholders[13]
shareholder name A shares B shares % of capital % of votes
Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft * 306,232,239 59,037,822 45.66 70.94
MAN SE 73,047,179 33,718,857 13.35 17.37
Clearstream Banking 1,170,514 32,973,450 4.27 1.02
JP Morgan Chase Bank 461,584 36,220,219 4.59 0.93
Swedbank Robur Fonder 0 29,043,665 3.63 0.66
Skandia Liv 974,374 9,646,318 1.33 0.44
Alecta Pensionsförsäkring 0 19,085,000 2.39 0.33
AMF Försäkring och fonder 650,000 9,678,411 1.23 0.36
Handelsbanken fonder 0 7,202,362 0.90 0.16
The Government Pension Fund of Norway 0 6,937,665 0.87 0.16
largest 10 owners 382,535,890 243,021,708 78.19 92.46
Others 17,464,110 156,978,292 21.81 7.54
total ownership 400,000,000 400,000,000 100.00 100.00
* Further to the shares listed above, Volkswagen AG also holds shares in trust by a credit institution of Scania, which gives additional voting rights amounting to 0.87 percent and an equity interest of 3.63 percent attributable to Volkswagen AG, as disclosed in January 2009.
Products[edit]
Scania develops, manufactures and sells trucks with a gross vehicle weight of more than 16 tonnes (Class 8),[clarification needed] intended for long-distance haulage, regional, and local distribution of goods, as well as construction haulage.
Scania's bus range is concentrated on bus chassis, intended for use in tourist coaches, as well as urban and intercity traffic.
Scania's industrial and marine engines are used in generator sets and in earthmoving and agricultural machinery, as well as on board ships and pleasure crafts.
Scania also designs and manufacture clothes especially designed for truckers under the label Scania Truck Gear.[19]
Current[edit]
Scania R470 truck
The new Scania R500
Scania P270 Fire Engine, Dublin Fire Brigade, Ireland
Scania K230UB owned by SBS Transit Pte Ltd.
Trucks / Special vehicles
P-series - typical applications are regional and local distribution, construction, and various specialised operations associated with locally based transportation and services. P-series trucks have the new P cabs, which are available in three variations: a single-berth sleeper, a spacious day cab and a short cab
G-series - the G-series models offer an enlarged range of options for operators engaged in national long haul and virtually all types of construction applications. All models have a G cab, and each is available as a tractor or rigid. The G-series truck comes with five cab variants: three sleepers, a day cab and a short cab. There are different axle configurations, and in most cases a choice of chassis height and suspension
R-series - the R-series model range debuted in 2004, and won the prestigious International Truck of the Year award in 2005 and again in 2010.[20] The range offers various trucks optimised for long haulage. All models have a Scania R cab, and each vehicle is available as a tractor or rigid. There are different axle configurations and a choice of chassis height and suspension. The Scania R730 is the most powerful variant of the R-series. Its 16.4 Liter DC16 Turbo Diesel V8 engine produces 730 PS (540 kW; 720 hp) at 1,900 rpm and 3,500 N·m (2,600 lb·ft) of torque at 1,000 - 1,350 rpm.
The R series also came as a limited edition '+' the most common being the R420+ with 100 being sold across Europe. This came with a newer opti-cruise gearbox with a trial gear ratio. It also came with an added microwave from the dealer. It's believed the sales were mainly in Sweden, but as many as 10 per country elsewhere.
Buses
Main article: Scania buses
F-series - front engine bus chassis with Euro III and Euro V compliant engines
K-series - rear engine bus chassis (longitudinal mounted) with Euro III - Euro VI compliant engines
N-series - rear engine bus chassis (transversal mounted) with Euro III - Euro VI compliant engines
OmniLink (CK-series) - citybus using the K-series chassis
OmniCity (CN-series) - citybus using the N-series chassis
OmniExpress (LK-series) - intercity coach using the K-series chassis
Citywide LE/Citywide LF - new citybus range superseded the OmniCity and OmniLink in left-hand-drive markets, using respectively the N-series and K-series chassis
Diesel engines
Scania's involvement with internal combustion engine production dates back to 1897, when engineer Gustav Erickson designed the engine for the company's first motor car. Over the subsequent years, Scania has grown to be one of the world's most experienced engine manufacturers, building engines not only for trucks and buses, but also for marine and general industrial applications, which are exported across the globe.[21]
Historical[edit]
Scania K113TRBL 14.5m quad-axle coach
Ikarus E99 on Scania K124EB chassis
Buses
BF80 series
BF110 / CF110 series
BR110 / CR110 series
BF111 series
BR111 / CR111 series (BR111DH was built as Metropolitan in UK)
BR112 / CR112 series
BR85 / CR85 series
BR145 / CR145 series
BF86 series
BR86 series
BR116 series
2-series: S82, F82, K82, K92, S112, F112, N112, K112
3-series: F93, K93, S113, F113, N113, L113, K113
4-series: F94, N94, L94, K94, K114, K124
OmniLine (IL94IB) - intercity bus
OmniLink (CL94UA/CL94UB) - rear inclined engined citybus
OmniCity (CN94UA/CN94UB) - transverse engined citybus
OmniCity (CN94UD) - transverse engined double-deck citybus
Trucks / Special Vehicles
0-series: 110, 140 (1968–1974)
1-series: 111, 141 (1974–1981)
2-series: 82, 92, 112, 142 (1981–1988)
3-series: 93, 113, 143 (1987–1995)
4-series: 94, 114, 124, 144, 164 (1995–2004)
T-series (2004–2005) - successor of 4-series T-models[22]
Diesel engines
DS11/DSC11 inline 6
DS14/DSC14 V8 engine
Production sites[edit]
The table below shows the locations of the current[23] and former production facilities of Scania AB. As Scania is now majority owned by Volkswagen AG, making it part of Volkswagen Group, the table also includes Volkswagen Group references.[24]
Notes: In the second column of the table:- the 'factory VIN ID code', this is indicated in the 11th digit of the vehicles' 17 digit Vehicle Identification Number, and this factory code is only assigned to plants which produce actual vehicles. Component factories which do not produce complete vehicles do not have this factory ID code.
[icon] This section requires expansion with: factory VIN ID codes, specific detail of current production, former production, dates, coordinates, any former plants. (October 2009)
factory
name factory
VIN ID code(s) location
(continent,
country) location
(town / city,
state / region) current
motor vehicle
production former
motor vehicle
production automotive
products &
components year
opened comments factory
coordinates
Angers
[24][25] 9 Europe,
France Angers,
Maine-
et-Loire,
Pays de la Loire Scania truck assembly Scania Production S.A.S. factory and assembly line, part of Scania AB 47°30′4″N 0°30′55″W
Luleå
[24][26] Europe,
Sweden Luleå Municipality,
Norrbotten,
Norrbotten County Scania truck frame members, Rear axle housings Ferruform AB factory, part of Scania AB 65°36′48″N 22°7′45″E
Meppel
[24][27] Europe,
Netherlands Meppel,
Drenthe Scania truck components and paint shop Scania Production Meppel B.V. factory, part of Scania AB 52°41′25″N 6°10′24″E
Oskarshamn
[24][28] Europe,
Sweden Oskarshamn Municipality,
Kalmar County,
Småland Scania truck Cab production Scania AB factory 57°15′24″N 16°25′42″E
São
Bernardo
do
Campo 3 South America,
Brazil São Bernardo
do Campo,
Greater São Paulo,
São Paulo state Scania-Vabis trucks and buses 1959 Originally a Scania-Vabis truck plant. Now known as Anchieta,[24] oldest currently operating Volkswagen Group factory outside of Germany and part of Volkswagen do Brasil Indústria de Veículos Automotores Ltda. 23°44′07″S 46°32′48″W
São
Paulo
[24][29] South America,
Brazil São Paulo,
Greater São Paulo,
São Paulo state Scania trucks
Scania bus chassis Engines
Axles Scania Latin America Ltda., part of Scania AB 23°42′49″S 46°33′58″W
Słupsk
[24][30] Europe,
Poland Słupsk,
Pomeranian
Voivodeship Scania bus
body assembly Scania Production Slupsk S.A factory and assembly line, part of Scania AB 54°28′42″N 17°0′46″E
Södertälje
[24][31] 1
2 Europe,
Sweden Södertälje,
Södertälje Municipality,
Södermanland,
Stockholm County Scania trucks
Scania bus chassis Components,
Engines 1891 Scania AB headquarters, R&D and main production plant 59°10′14″N 17°38′26″E
St Petersburg
[24][32] Europe,
Russia St Petersburg,
Northwestern Federal District Scania bus
body assembly OOO Scania Peter factory and assembly line, part of Scania AB 59°53′24″N 30°20′24″E
Tucumán
[24][33] South America,
Argentina San Miguel de Tucumán,
Tucumán Province Rear axle gears
Gearboxes
Differentials
Drive shafts
Scania Argentina S.A. factory, part of Scania AB 26°52′47.5″S 65°7′38″W
Zwolle
[24][34] 4
5 Europe,
Netherlands Zwolle,
Overijssel Scania truck assembly 1,437 Scania Nederland B.V. factory, part of Scania AB 52°30′46″N 6°3′48″E
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